Closing a limited company can be a complicated process with numerous ways to go about it depending on the company’s solvent position. Before taking action, you need to know whether the limited company is solvent or insolvent. Knowing this determines what action can be taken when deciding to close a limited company.

Closing a solvent company

If you are looking to close a limited company and it’s solvent, there are two options available depending on the value of the company’s assets. For this purpose, solvency is defined as being able to repay all existing and prospective debts when they fall due.

Members’ Voluntary Liquidation (MVL)

If the company can realise sufficient value from the sale of its assets to repay creditors in full and leave at least £25,000 left over for distribution to shareholders, then directors can apply for a Members’ Voluntary Liquidation (MVL).

• The company’s assets are sold or realised, with the proceeds used to pay creditors in full.
• Often a cost-effective and tax-efficient way of closing a limited company.
• Allows shareholders to take advantage of Business Asset Disposal Relief (Entrepreneurs’ Relief).

Once the limited company is closed down, the remaining cash would then be distributed to shareholders, and the company would be removed from the register at Companies House.

More on Members’ Voluntary Liquidation

Dissolving a limited company

If at least £25,000 cannot be realised from the sale of company assets, an MVL may not be the most cost-effective way of closing down a limited company. In which case, dissolving the limited company, or ‘striking off’, may be more appropriate and cost-effective.

• A dissolution would involve the company being removed from the company register at Companies House and ceasing to exist.
• There are specific criteria that a company needs to adhere to in order for it to be successfully dissolved.
• The company cannot have traded for three months prior to the dissolution.

It is a common misconception that a director can’t close a company via dissolution if it owes anything to creditors. However, directors can apply to have the company dissolved in such circumstances. Directors are required to inform all creditors and other interested parties of the striking off and make them aware that they have three months in which to contest it.

More on company dissolution

Closing an insolvent company

Closing a limited company is still possible regardless of whether that company is solvent, however, the processes available differ. A company is usually deemed to be insolvent if it can no longer meet its day-to-day obligations or if its liabilities outweigh its assets on the balance sheet.

In this instance, the following methods to close down a company are available:

Creditors’ Voluntary Liquidation (CVL)

A Creditors’ Voluntary Liquidation (CVL) is a formal liquidation procedure for companies that are insolvent and can no longer continue trading.

• A CVL involves closing a limited company through the realisation of its assets in order to make repayments to creditors on a pro rata basis.
• A director may not want to close the company, but there simply isn’t enough cash to pay creditors back, which means the business has no viable future in its current form.

More on Creditors’ Voluntary Liquidation

Restart your business in a new limited company

In some circumstances, directors can restart the same business using a new limited company and a different trading name. In special instances, a limited company can use a similar trading name as its predecessor.

In some cases, an insolvent company can sell its assets and restart trading in the name of a new limited company, a procedure known as a pre-pack sale.

• Pre-pack can be achieved either through administration or liquidation.
• They work slightly differently, but both close a limited company, with another restarting in the ashes of the old company, which is known as a phoenix company.

A pre-pack liquidation will see the old company, ‘oldco’, liquidated and closed. During that process, the directors have the option to purchase assets from the oldco at full market value and transfer them into the new company, ‘newco’.

Pre-pack administration works slightly differently. It is a much faster process, whereby the wholesale of a company will be already organised. The remaining staff, assets, work in progress, and certain aspects of the company are then simply transferred over to the new directors.

How we can help

If you are looking to close your company, we can help guide you through the potential insolvency procedures. Whether solvent or insolvent, we can advise you on the best route forward and close down your limited company. We offer a fast and efficient service with nationwide coverage, meaning a free consultation can be arranged at a time to suit you.

1. Speak with our initial advisers via phone or online chat. If we can help, we will arrange a free consultation with one of our consultants to discuss your situation in more depth.
2. During the consultation, we will advise if entering into an insolvency procedure is the most appropriate route forward, or what alternative options are available.
3. After your consultation, if there is an appropriate route forward, we will issue the relevant documentation for you to formally engage us.

In summary

The process to close a limited company depends on whether the company is solvent or insolvent. If you need to close an insolvent company, you may have no choice but to liquidate, which you can do so voluntarily, or it could be forced upon you. If you believe that the company could continue trading, but could only do so without creditor pressure, then there are different rescue methods that could work. Even when undergoing a liquidation, there are ways to move your company forward.

FAQs

Case Studies

ARB (Sound Vision Light Power) Limited

Kelly Burton • Leisure & Hospitality • Administration

Wilson Field has secured a new future for a Banbury-headquartered events management company, which boasted clients including Crufts, Tour of Britain and Virgin London Marathon after it was bought out of administration.

ARB (Sound Vision Light Power) Limited was established in September 2014 and specialised in event hire including providing audio-visual solutions, equipment, hire, and installation.

The company, which traded from Coton Cottage, Chacombe near Banbury, called in administrators from Sheffield-headquartered Wilson Field for formal insolvency advice.

The company, which has an impressive client list and relied solely on sub-contractors as and when needed, suffered VAT and HMRC issues as a result of a period of illness.

Kelly Burton and Lisa Hogg from Wilson Field were appointed as joint administrators on 20 February and concluded a pre-packaged sale of the business and assets for an undisclosed sum to ARB Motors Limited, led by the same management team.

Kelly Burton, director and licensed insolvency practitioner at Wilson Field said:

Wilson Field was brought in to look at the situation of the business.

The focus on the company had diluted during a period of illness of one of the two directors. A debt was due to HMRC and a repayment proposal was rejected resulting in the need to protect the business and assets via a formal insolvency procedure.

The pre-packaged sale means the business, which was an established player in event management at large scale events, has a bright future moving forward.

The loss of a major employee’s input through illness can harm an organisation and it is important for businesses to seek help should this arise. Timing is essential to keep focus on the business.

ARB has combined experience of more than 100 years and provided hire equipment such as indoor and outdoor PA systems, single and double-decker commentary units, street sound vehicles, exhibition TVs, stage lighting and mobile power in both primary and secondary distribution.

K2 Technologies Ltd and K2 Thermal Imaging Ltd

Kelly Burton • Service Agency • Administration

Wilson Field has helped secure the sale of two related North East businesses, which developed and manufactured thermal imaging equipment, as a going concern to Cenergem Limited backed by a group of local investors not associated with the current management.

Kelly Burton and Joanne Wright from Sheffield-based insolvency specialists Wilson Field were appointed joint administrators of Darlington-based K2 Technologies Ltd and K2 Thermal Imaging Ltd on 25 July 2016.

The two companies had experienced cash flow problems following a sharp decline in the demand for their products due to increased global competition in the market over the last 18 months.

The sale, which resulted in six of the current eight jobs being saved, was achieved by Wilson Field, working alongside valuers and asset management consultants Charterfields, who handled a number of enquiries and Mark Wilkinson, insolvency partner at Shulmans Solicitors in Leeds.

Kelly Burton, director and licensed insolvency practitioner at Wilson Field said:

“During the past 12 to 18 months K2 had begun to experience increased competition in the market. Competitors had started to manufacture and sell similar products at a lower price, meaning the company had seen a sharp decline in the demand of products and a resultant shortage of cash flow.

“Our job was to realise a sale of K2 as a going concern to achieve the best return for the company’s creditors. There was significant interest from a number of parties. The resultant sale has also saved six of the eight jobs.”

K2 Thermal Imaging Ltd and its predecessors were involved in the development of three products establishing the company as a pioneer in thermal imaging.

The company designed and engineered three main product ranges for extensive use in the marine, firefighting and industrial sectors, allowing operators to enter smoke-filled environments to detect and rescue people with a hands-free application, therefore improving success rates in recovery.

Precision Engineering Business

Kelly Burton • Construction & Engineering • Administration

A bespoke precision engineering business, working predominantly in the automotive and aeronautical sectors, found itself experiencing cash flow difficulties caused by an increase in costs due to the uncertainties surrounding Brexit, and the loss of a key member of the sales team.

When the company’s largest customer reduced its spending by 50%, the director felt the business couldn’t continue and sought advice from the team at Wilson Field.

Wilson Field marketed the business and assets for sale, and a sale of the tangible assets was completed immediately following the administrators’ appointment, to an unconnected third party.

Kelly Burton, insolvency practitioner and director at Wilson Field, said:

“With so many complications surrounding Brexit, coupled with the loss of some key staff, the company experienced some cash flow difficulties it could not get out of.

There was a positive outcome in the end as some of the tangible assets within the company were sold, which meant a good return for creditors.”

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